renal insufficiency | Chronic Kidney Failure: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

Chronic Kidney Failure: Symptoms, Causes, Treatment

renal insufficiency |

Chronic kidney failure is a condition that is characterized by gradual loss of kidney function over time. These conditions will damage the kidneys and decrease its ability to keep the body stay healthy by performing its normal function.

In contrast to acute kidney failure which process it happens fast, on chronic renal failure kidney damage process progresses slowly, slowly but surely, and ultimately the kidneys fail to perform its function.

Chronic kidney failure, also known by the term chronic kidney disease or chronic renal insufficiency.

The kidneys are instrumental to filter blood in order to dispose of the residual products and excess fluid from the body through urine. When the kidneys are not working properly then it litter the results the rest of metabolism will accumulate in the blood and can lower the body's health. Chronic kidney disease can come arrived – arrive, because no prior symptoms. But it could also happen little by little in the past few years as a result of damage to the kidneys.

Each kidney is composed of millions of cells – the cells are small filter called nefron. If it is damaged then nefron cell – the cell it will stop working. Instead, nefron healthy can take over the work so that the workloads of healthy nefron became heavier. If the malfunction continues then it will be more and more a nefron suffered damage. Until at some point, the remaining healthy nefron can not filter the blood properly to maintain the health of the body.

above: normal nefron, bottom: nefron damaged

One way to gauge whether the kidneys working well is to calculate the rate of filtration glomerolus (LFG) to calculate an average rate of filtering blood that happened in glomerulus of the kidney. LFG is usually calculated using the results of the examination of creatinin blood. The degree of kidney filtration rate calculated using glomerolus. There are 5 degrees, beginning with the kidney disease kidney damage with normal levels of LFG to kidney failure.

There are things – things that can be done to slow or stop the damage to the kidneys by drinking drugs – drugs and do some lifestyle changes that can control the disease and make it better.

Causes Of Chronic Kidney Failure
Chronic renal failure can occur due to kidney damage. The causes of this damage is tersering:

High blood pressure was uncontrollable for several years.
High blood sugar levels for several years. This happens in diabetes type 1 or 2 that is uncontrollable.
Other factors that can cause chronic renal failure include:

Kidney disease and polycystic kidney disease such as infection, as pyelonephritis, and glomerulonefritis.
Narrowing or blockage of the renal arteries.
Use of medications – drugs that damage the kidneys in a prolonged period of time. For example anti-inflammatory drugs nonsteroidal (OAINS) such as ibuprofen and celecoxib.
Symptoms Of Chronic Kidney Failure
A person may begin to experience symptoms several months after kidney damage. But most are not aware of it at an early stage. Even such a lot that are not bergejala for 30 years or more. This is called the silent phase.

The sign – the sign of worsening kidney function include:

The amount of urine is less than normal.

Swelling in the body (oedema).

Often feel tired.

Not feeling hungry or patients experiencing weight loss.

Often feel pain in your stomach or vomiting.

Hard to sleep.

Headache.

Diagnosis Of Enforcement

The doctor will perform blood and urine examination to determine kidney function. This examination can show the sign – the sign of kidney disease and anemia. Because anemia can also occur in renal failure. Read: 13 most major causes of Anemia

Doctors can also perform a number of other tests to rule out the possibility of other diseases with similar symptoms.

Your doctor will measure the levels of urea (BUN) and creatinin in blood. These tests will help measure how well the work of the kidneys to filter blood. If renal function deteriorates then the amount of nitrogen (shown by the results of the examination of the BUN) and creatinin will be increased in the blood. Blood levels of creatinin used to assess kidney function. LFG is used to define the degrees or stages of kidney failure and help determine treatment options.

The doctor will ask you a few questions about Kidney complaints that patients experienced before. In addition the doctor will also ask the history of kidney disease in your family and what medication consumed either drugs from prescription drug free or purchased by patients.

The doctor may also recommend an ULTRASOUND examination is performed or a CT scan to help assess the size of the kidneys, mengestimasi blood flow to the kidney and see if the flow of urine is obstructed. In some cases, doctors can also perform sampling of tissues of the kidney (renal biopsy) to determine the cause of the kidney failure.

Treatment Of Chronic Renal Failure

Chronic renal failure is usually caused by other diseases. So the early stages that need to be done is treat the disease that causes kidney damage. Diabetes and high blood pressure (hypertension) is the cause of chronic kidney failure tersering. If the patient can keep sugar levels and blood pressure in the normal range, then the patient can slow or stop the possibility of kidney damage.

For those who have diabetes and high blood mengontol please always blood sugar and blood pressure in order to be always in the normal threshold, this is important for preventing chronic renal failure.

Kidney disease is a complex issue. Patients should consume a number of drugs and perform a series of checks. To keep the conditions stay healthy then the patient should be diligent in consultation with a doctor.

Setting The Pattern Of Life

The changing patterns of life becomes an important part of the treatment of progresifitas renal failure to slow down and reduce the symptoms that appear. Steps-steps can also help control blood pressure and blood sugar as well as other problems which aggravate kidney disease.

Follow the diet program that corresponds to the condition of the kidneys. Dietitian will help regulate his diet with the amount of salt and protein to suit the needs and capabilities of the kidney. Patients also need to pay attention to fluid intake is consumed daily.

Exercise routine every day. The doctor will determine an appropriate exercise program suit the condition of the patient.

Do not smoke.

Do not drink alcohol.

Consulting with a physician before taking the drug – new drugs including drugs sold in pharmacies, vitamins or herbal remedies. Because some medications – drugs this can aggravate kidney work.

Kidney failure can affect the whole body, including can cause severe problems on the heart, bones and brain. Therefore, if the condition is left untreated can be life threatening.

The Choice Of Therapy

Patients with chronic renal failure therapy has two options i.e. do hemodialysis or kidney transplantation. Both of these treatments have risks and benefits of each.

Dialysis is a process for filtering the blood when the kidneys can no longer do so. This action is not to heal but acted to reduce the symptoms and prolong life.

Kidney transplantation is the best option. With a new kidney so patients would feel better and be able to live life as normal again. But patients have to wait to find a new kidney match for blood and its network. Patients should consume drugs – drugs until the end of life to keep the body from possible backlash against his new kidney.